ECSS system

Glossary of terms

Foreword

The ECSS Glossary is part of the series of ECSS Standards intended to be applied together for the management, engineering and product assurance in space projects and applications. ECSS is a cooperative effort of the European Space Agency, national space agencies and European industry associations for the purpose of developing and maintaining common standards.

Requirements in ECSS Standards are defined in terms of what shall be accomplished, rather than in terms of how to organize and perform the necessary work. This allows existing organizational structures and methods to be applied where they are effective, and for the structures and methods to evolve as necessary without rewriting the standards.

This document has been prepared by the ECSS Glossary Task Force, reviewed and approved by the ECSS Technical Authority.

Traceability to the previous ECSS Glossary “ECSS-P-001B” is ensured through the matrix given in Annex A.

Disclaimer

ECSS does not provide any warranty whatsoever, whether expressed, implied, or statutory, including, but not limited to, any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or any warranty that the contents of the item are error-free. In no respect shall ECSS incur any liability for any damages, including, but not limited to, direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages arising out of, resulting from, or in any way connected to the use of this Standard, whether or not based upon warranty, business agreement, tort, or otherwise; whether or not injury was sustained by persons or property or otherwise; and whether or not loss was sustained from, or arose out of, the results of, the item, or any services that may be provided by ECSS.

Published by:     ESA Requirements and Standards Division
    ESTEC, P.O. Box 299,
    2200 AG Noordwijk
    The Netherlands
Copyright:     2012© by the European Space Agency for the members of ECSS

Change log

ECSS-P-001A

19 April 1996

First issue

ECSS-P-001A Rev.1

11 June 1997

First issue, Revision 1

ECSS-P-001B

14 July 2004

Second issue

ECSS-S-ST-00-01C

1 October 2012

Third issue

Traceability to the previous ECSS Glossary “ECSS-P-001B” is ensured through the matrix given in Annex A.

Scope

This document controls the definition of all common terms used in the European Cooperation for Space Standardization (ECSS) Standards System. Terms specific to a particular ECSS Standard are defined in that standard.

This document does not include the definition of terms used with their common meaning. In this case, the definition from the Oxford English Dictionary applies.

Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms

Terms and definitions

When using the ECSS standards, the following is the order of precedence of documents as the source of definition of terms:

the standard in question
the present Glossary of terms
the Oxford English dictionary.

A term used within a definition, which is defined elsewhere in this document is shown in boldface. A boldface term may be replaced within the definition by its own definition.

A concept that has a special meaning in a particular context is indicated by designating the context in angle brackets, < >, before the definition.

A document reference shown after a definition in square brackets, [ ], indicates that this definition is reproduced from the referenced document.

For example:

All terms and their definitions appear in alphabetic order in clause 2.3 of this Glossary. However, wherever it is considered important to present together a set of terms that are interrelated (i.e. constitute a particular “view”), these terms and their definitions are repeated in standalone sections of this Glossary or in Annexes. For example, clause 2.2 collects together all terms that relate to the breakdown of the overall Space System.

Space system breakdown

Introduction

ECSS-S-ST-00C defines the highest-level system within a space project – i.e. the one at the mission-level - as the “Space System”. The purpose of the present clause is to identify the breakdown of a typical space system and to define a set of standard terms for the constituent levels within the breakdown (see Figure 21).

In so doing, it is acknowledged that each distinct domain (i.e. space, ground and launcher) already has its own domain-specific terminology for its internal entities e.g. elements and systems. In the case of the launcher domain, this terminology has been formally defined and agreed at programme-level. It is not the intention to define new terms in this Glossary to supersede those already in universal use. Rather, the intention is to define a standard set of terms for the levels of the space system breakdown and then to show where the domain-specific entities fit into these levels. To this end, Annex B contains examples of entities from the three principal space system segments, mapped to the space system breakdown levels defined below.

The terms are defined in clause 2.2.2 to 2.2.7 and are listed not in alphabetic order but according to the hierarchy defined in Figure 21: Space system breakdown below.

2.2.2 defines generic terms

2.2.3 defines the space system

2.2.4 defines terms relating to the space segment

2.2.5 defines terms relating to the ground segment

2.2.6 defines terms relating to the launch segment

2.2.7 defines terms relating to the support segment

Figure 21: Space system breakdown

Definitions for generic terms

system

set of interrelated or interacting functions constituted to achieve a specified objective

segment

set of elements or combination of systems that fulfils a major, self-contained, subset of the space mission objectives

Examples are space segment, ground segment, launch segment and support segment.

element

combination of integrated equipment, components and parts

An element fulfils a major, self-contained, subset of a segment's objectives.

subsystem

part of a system fulfilling one or more of its functions

equipment

integrated set of parts and components

1 An equipment accomplishes a specific function.
2 An equipment is self-contained and classified as such for the purposes of separate manufacture, procurement, drawings, specification, storage, issue, maintenance or use.
3 The term "unit" is synonymous with the term "equipment"
component

set of materials, assembled according to defined and controlled processes, which cannot be disassembled without destroying its capability and which performs a simple function that can be evaluated against expected performance requirements

1 The term "part" is synonymous.
2 The term "part" is preferred when referring to purely mechanical devices.
3 The term "component" is preferred for EEE devices.
part

see "component"

material

raw, semi–finished or finished substance (gaseous, liquid, solid) of given characteristics from which processing into a component or part is undertaken

Definitions for space system

space system

system that contains at least a space, a ground or a launch segment

Generally a space system is composed of all three segments and is supported by a support segment.

Definitions for space segment

space segment

part of a space system, placed in space, to fulfil the space mission objectives

space segment system

system within a space segment

Examples are given in Annex B.1.

space segment element

element within a space segment

1 A space segment element can be composed of several space segment elements, e.g. a spacecraft is composed of instruments, a payload module and a service module.
2 Examples are given in Annex B.1.
stand-alone space segment element

space segment element that performs its mission autonomously

For example: satellite, rover, lander.

embedded space segment element

space segment element that performs its mission as part of another space segment element

For example: platform, module, instrument, payload.

space segment subsystem

subsystem within a space segment

Examples are given in Annex B.1.

space segment equipment

equipment within a space segment

Examples are given in Annex B.1.

Definitions for ground segment

ground segment

part of a space system, located on ground, which monitors and controls space segment element(s)

A ground segment is composed of one or more ground segment elements.

ground segment system

system within a ground segment

Examples are given in Annex B.2.

ground segment element

element within a ground segment

1 A ground segment element can be composed of several ground segment elements, e.g. a ground station network is a ground segment element that can be composed of a set of ground stations and a communication network.
2 Examples are given in Annex B.2.
ground segment subsystem

subsystem within a ground segment

Examples are given in Annex B.2.

ground segment equipment

equipment within a ground segment

Examples are given in Annex B.2.

Definitions for launch segment

launch segment

part of a space system which is used to transport space segment element(s) into space

1 A launch segment is composed of one or more launch segment elements.
2 A launch segment is composed of the integrated launcher and the facilities needed for manufacturing, testing and delivering launcher elements.
launch segment system

system within a launch segment

Examples are given in Annex B.3

launch segment element

element within a launch segment

1 A launch segment element can be composed of several launch segment elements, e.g. a launcher is a launch segment element that is composed of several launch segment elements, such as stage, engine and upper part.
2 Examples are given in Annex B.3.
launch segment subsystem

subsystem within a launch segment

Examples are given in Annex B.3.

launch segment equipment

equipment within a launch segment

Examples are given in Annex B.3.

Definitions for support segment

support segment

generic infrastructure and services used to support the development and operation of space system elements

1 Examples are ground stations and associated networks, orbit computing facilities, test centres, astronaut centre, launch facilities (e.g. Plestek, Baikonour, Guiana Space Centre).
2 Items can be part of other segments during their development and later become part of the support segment when used (e.g. a tracking network).

Terms and definitions

acceptance
<act> act by which the customer agrees that the product is designed and produced according to its specifications and the agreed deviations and waivers, and it is free of defects when delivered by the supplier

acceptance
<process> that part of the verification process which demonstrates that the product meets specified acceptance margins

accident
undesired event arising from operation of any project-specific item that results in

human death or injury,
loss of, or damage to, project hardware, software or facilities that can then affect the accomplishment of the mission,
loss of, or damage to, public or private property, or
detrimental effects on the environment.

Accident and mishap are synonymous.

active redundancy
redundancy where all entities are operating and the system can continue to operate without downtime or defects despite the loss of one or more entities

actuator
device that transforms an input signal into motion

alert
formal notification to users, informing them of failures or nonconformance of items, already released for use or not, which could also be present on other items already delivered [e.g. items with identical design concept, materials, components or processes]

An alert can also be raised when a deficiency in the specified requirements, which can affect the fitness for purpose in the defined application, has been identified.

allowable load
maximum load that can be permitted in a structural part for a given operating environment to prevent rupture, collapse, detrimental deformation or unacceptable crack growth

Adapted from ISO 14623:2003.

analysis
<verification> verification method utilizing techniques and tools to confirm that verification requirements have been satisfied

1 Examples of techniques and tools are mathematical models, compilation similarity assessments and validation of records.
2 Adapted from ISO 10795:2011.
anomaly
any deviation from the expected situation

An anomaly justifies an investigation that might lead to the discovery of a nonconformance or a defect.

applicable document
document that contains provisions which, through reference in the source document, constitute additional provisions of the source document

Adapted from ISO 10795:2011.

approval
formal agreement by a designated management official to use or apply an item or proceed with a proposed course of action

1 Approvals must be documented.
2 Approval implies that the approving authority has verified that the item conforms to its requirements.
assembly
<act> physically combining parts, components, equipment or segment elements to form a larger entity

assurance
planned and systematic activities implemented, and demonstrated as needed, to provide adequate confidence that an entity fulfils its requirements

audit
systematic, independent and documented process for obtaining audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which audit criteria are fulfilled

1 Internal audits, sometimes called first-party audits, are conducted by, or on behalf of, the organization itself for management review and other internal purposes, and may form the basis for an organization’s declaration of conformity. In many cases, particularly in smaller organizations, independence can be demonstrated by the freedom from responsibility for the activity being audited.
2 External audits include those generally termed second- and third-party audits. Second-party audits are conducted by parties having an interest in the organization, such as customers, or by other persons on their behalf. Third-party audits are conducted by external, independent auditing organizations, such as those providing certification/registration of conformity to ISO 9001 or ISO 14001.
3 When quality and environmental management systems are audited together, this is termed “combined audit”.
4 When two or more auditing organizations cooperate to audit a single auditee jointly, this is termed “joint audit”.
[ISO 9000:2005]

audit criteria
set of policies, procedures or requirements

Audit criteria are used as a reference against which audit evidence is compared.

[ISO 9000:2005]

audit evidence
records, statements of fact or other information which are relevant to the audit criteria and verifiable

Audit evidence can be qualitative or quantitative.

[ISO 9000:2005]

auditee
organization being audited

[ISO 9000:2005]

auditor
person with the demonstrated personal attributes and competence to conduct an audit

Adapted from ISO 9000:2005.

availability
ability of an item to be in a state to perform a required function under given conditions at a given instant of time or over a given time interval, assuming that the required external resources are provided

1 This ability depends on the combined aspects of the reliability performance, the maintainability performance and the maintenance support performance.
2 Required external resources, other than maintenance resources do not affect the availability performance of the item.
3 When referring to the measure for availability, the preferred term is “instantaneous availability”.
4 Adapted from IEC Multilingual Dictionary: 2001 edition.
backward contamination
contamination of the terrestrial biosphere by extra-terrestrial life forms in the course of spaceflight missions

bakeout
activity of increasing the temperature of hardware to accelerate its outgassing rates with the intent of reducing the content of molecular contaminants within the hardware

Bakeout is usually performed in a vacuum environment, but may be done in a controlled atmosphere.

baseline
set of information which describes exhaustively a situation at a given instant of time or over a given time interval

A baseline is generally used as a reference for comparison with and analysis of subsequent evolutions of the information.

batch
quantity produced at one operation

black box
representation of an item whereby knowledge of its internal composition is not available to the user, only its function and interface characteristics are known

business agreement
legally binding agreement, for the supply of goods or services, between two or more actors in the customer–supplier chain

Business agreements are recorded in a variety of forms, such as:

Contracts,
Memoranda of understanding,
Inter-governmental agreements,
Inter-agency agreements,
Partnerships,
Bartering agreements, and
Purchase orders.
calibration
all the operations for the purpose of determining the values of the errors and, if necessary, other metrological properties of a measuring instrument

The metrological use of the term “calibration” is often extended to include operations such as adjustments, scale graduation, etc. This use is deprecated.

[IEC Multilingual Dictionary: 2001 edition]

capability
ability of an organization, system or process to realize a product that will fulfil the requirements for that product

Process capability terms in the field of statistics are defined in ISO 3534-2.

[ISO 9000:2005]

catastrophic
<safety> resulting in loss of life, life-threatening, permanently disabling injury or occupational illness, loss of system, loss of an interfacing manned flight system, loss of launch site facilities or severe detrimental environmental effects

certification
procedure by which a party gives formal assurance that a person or an organization acts, or a product is, in compliance with specified requirements

Certification can be carried out by a first, second or third party.

clean area
area under contamination control

Examples of clean areas are cleanrooms, integration tent, gloves box.

cleanliness
level of particulate or molecular contamination

cleanroom
clean area controlled according to specified levels

Specified levels are humidity, temperature, particulates number versus size and volume and chemical contamination.

cold redundancy
redundancy where one entity is operating and the others are powered off

commissioning
verification and validation activities conducted after the launch and before the entry into operational service either on the space segment elements only or on the overall system (including the ground segment elements)

common cause failure
failure of multiple items occurring from a single cause that is common to all of them

common mode failure
failure of multiple identical items that fail in the same mode

Common mode failures are a particular case of common cause failures.

component
set of materials, assembled according to defined and controlled processes, which cannot be disassembled without destroying its capability and which performs a simple function that can be evaluated against expected performance requirements

1 The term "part" is synonymous.
2 The term "part" is preferred when referring to purely mechanical devices.
3 The term "component" is preferred for EEE devices.
composite
building block of a launcher composed of one or several pre-integrated stages and structural parts (fairing, payload adaptor, dual launch structure, etc.)
1 Example-1: A5 Upper Composite includes the cryogenic upper stage (ESC), the vehicle equipment bay (VEB), fairing and payload adaptor.
2 Example-2: A5 Lower Composite includes two solid booster stages (EAP) and the main cryogenic stage (EPC).
configuration
interrelated functional and/or physical characteristics of a product defined in configuration documents subject to configuration management

Adapted from ISO 10007:2003.

configuration baseline
approved status of requirements and design of a product at a project key milestone that serves as a reference for activities throughout the life cycle of the product

Adapted from ISO 10007:2003.

configuration control
coordinated activities for controlling modifications to a configuration baseline

Requests for deviation are also considered modifications to a baseline.

configuration document
document that defines the requirements for function, design, build, production, and verification for a configuration item

For space standards, configuration documents can include documents relating to operation and disposal of the configuration item.

configuration identification
coordinated activities to establish rules for configuration item selection, configuration baseline content definition, and product and document identifiers definition

configuration item
aggregation of hardware, software, processed materials, services or any of its discrete portions, that is designated for configuration management and treated as a single entity in the configuration management process

A configuration item can contain other configuration item(s).

configuration management
activity for establishing and maintaining consistent records of the performance parameters of a product and its functional and physical attributes compared to product design and operational requirements

1 Configuration management is applied throughout the entire life cycle of the product (i.e. development, production, deployment, operation and disposal).
2 Adapted from ISO 10007:2003.
configuration status accounting
formalized recording and reporting of product characteristics and configuration information, the status of applicable changes and the status of their implementation

Adapted from ISO 10007:2003.

configuration verification
coordinated activities to determine the conformance of the configuration item to its configuration document(s)

conformance
fulfilment of a requirement

The term “conformity” is synonymous.

conformity
see “conformance”

* The term “conformance” is strongly recommended for use in the ECSS system.
contaminant
undesirable molecular or particulate matter

This includes microbiological matter.

contamination
introduction of contaminant to an item or to the environment of interest

contract
legally enforceable business agreement in which payment is part of the conditions

corrective action
action to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformance, or other undesirable situation

1 There can be more than one cause for a non-conformance.
2 Corrective action is taken to prevent recurrence whereas preventive action is taken to prevent occurrence.
COTS
commercial electronic component readily available and not manufactured, inspected or tested in accordance with military or space standards

critical
<general> characteristic of a process, process condition, parameter, requirement or item that deserves control and special attention in order to meet the objectives (e.g. of a mission) within given constraints

critical
<safety> resulting in temporarily disabling but not life threatening injury, temporary occupational illness, major detrimental environmental effects, major damage to public or private properties, major damage to interfacing flight systems or major damage to ground facilities

critical item
potential threat to the schedule, cost, performance and quality of a project or programme that is controlled by a specific action plan in order to mitigate emanating risks and to prevent undesirable consequences

Examples of critical items are:

item not qualified or validated for the application in question (or has caused problems previously which remained unresolved).
item for which it is difficult to demonstrate design performance.
item highly sensitive to the conditions under which it is produced or used (e.g. contamination, radiation).
item having the potential to degrade the quality of the product significantly, and hence the ability of the end-product to accomplish defined mission objectives.
item for which major difficulties or uncertainties are expected in the procurement, manufacturing, assembly, inspection, test, handling, storage and transportation, that have the potential to lead to a major degradation in the quality of the product.
critical path
chain of activities that determines the earliest completion of the project

As a consequence, any delay of one task belonging to the critical path extends the project duration.

customer
organization or person that receives a product as part of a business agreement

A customer can be internal or external to the supplier organization.

defect
non-fulfilment of a requirement related to an intended or specified use

1 The distinction between the concepts defect and nonconformance is important as it has legal connotations, particularly those associated with product liability issues. Consequently the term “defect” should be used with extreme caution.
2 The intended use as intended by the customer can be affected by the nature of the information, such as operating or maintenance instructions, provided by the supplier.
dependability
the extent to which the fulfilment of a required function can be justifiably trusted
1 Its main components are reliability, availability and maintainability.
2 Dependability shall be considered in conjunction with safety.
derating
action when designing a product to limit the component stresses to specified levels that are below their ratings in order to increase its reliability

design
<result> set of information that defines the characteristics of a product

design
<activity> process used to generate the set of information defining the characteristics of a product

The design is completed at CDR closure.

development
complete process of elaborating a product from concept to manufacturing including its qualification and final acceptance

Technology development and design production are part of the process (i.e. from phase 0 to phase D).

deviation
formal authorization to depart from the originally specified requirements for a product, prior to its production

Waiver is an a posteriori decision whereas deviation is an a priori decision with respect to the production phase.

discipline
specific area of expertise within a general subject

The name of the discipline normally indicates the type of expertise (e.g. in the ECSS system, system engineering, mechanical engineering, software and communications are disciplines within the engineering domain).

discrepancy
departure from expected performance

1 A discrepancy can be the result of nonconforming hardware or software, or conditions occurring in test set-up.
2 A discrepancy can be momentary, non-repeatable, or permanent.
3 Adapted from ISO 10795:2011.
disposal
actions performed by a spacecraft or launch vehicle orbital stage to permanently reduce its chance of accidental break-up and to achieve its required long-term clearance of the protected regions

[ISO 24113:2011]

effectiveness
extent to which planned activities are realized and planned results achieved

[ISO 9000:2005]

efficiency
relationship between the result achieved and the resources used

[ISO 9000:2005]

element
combination of integrated equipment, components and parts

An element fulfils a major, self-contained, subset of a segment's objectives.

emergency
situation where hazardous events have occurred with potentially catastrophic or critical consequences requiring an immediate action

embedded space segment element
space segment element that performs its mission as part of another space segment element

For example: platform, module, instrument, payload.

end item
product that is deliverable under a business agreement

engineering model
flight representative model in terms of form, fit and function used for functional and failure effect verification

1 The engineering model is usually not equipped with high reliability parts or full redundancy.
2 The engineering model is also used for final validation of test facilities, GSE and associated procedures.
3 More detailed information on the build standard and the use of this model is given in ECSS-E-HB-10-02.
engineering qualification model
model, which fully reflects the design of the flight model except for the parts standard, used for functional performance and EMC verification and possibly for qualification
1 Military grade or lower-level parts can be used instead of high reliability parts, provided they are procured from the same manufacturer with the same packaging.
2 Functional performance qualification includes verification of procedures for failure detection, isolation and recovery and for redundancy management.
3 The engineering qualification model may also be used for environmental testing if the customer accepts the risk, in which case the qualification model rules apply.
4 More detailed information on the build standard and the use of this model is given in ECSS-E-HB-10-02.
environment
natural conditions and induced conditions that constrain the design definitions or operations of a product
1 Examples of natural conditions are weather, climate, ocean conditions, terrain, vegetation, dust, light and radiation.
2 Examples of induced conditions are electromagnetic interference, heat, vibration, pollution and contamination.
equipment
integrated set of parts and components
1 An equipment accomplishes a specific function.
2 An equipment is self-contained and classified as such for the purposes of separate manufacture, procurement, drawings, specification, storage, issue, maintenance or use.
3 The term "unit" is synonymous with the term "equipment".
fail-safe
preventing the failure of an item from resulting in catastrophic or critical consequences

failure
the event resulting in an item being no longer able to perform its required function

"Failure" is an event, as distinguished from "fault" which is a state.

failure mode
mechanism through which a failure occurs

1 For example,. short-circuit, open-circuit, fracture, or excessive wear.
2 This term is equivalent to the term “fault mode” in IEC Multilingual Dictionary: 2001 edition.
failure tolerance
attribute of an item that makes it able to perform a required function in the presence of certain given sub-item failures

fault
state of an item characterized by inability to perform as required

1 A fault can be the result of a failure of the item itself or can exist without prior failure.
2 A fault can generate a failure.
fault tolerance
attribute of an item that makes it able to perform a required function in the presence of certain given sub-item faults

firmware
hardware that contains a computer program or data that cannot be changed in its user environment

The computer program and data contained in firmware are classified as software; the circuitry containing the computer program and data is classified as hardware.

flammability
measure of the ease with which a material is set on fire

flight model
end product that is intended for flight

1 The flight model is subjected to formal functional and environmental acceptance testing.
2 More detailed information on the build standard and the use of this model is given in ECSS-E-HB-10-02.
flight operations
all activities related to the planning, execution and evaluation of the control of the space segment when in orbit

flight spare
spare flight model that could be used in place of the flight model

1 Exceptionally, a refurbished qualification model can be used as a flight spare.
2 More detailed information on the build standard and the use of this model is given in ECSS-E-HB-10-02.
forward contamination
contamination of celestial bodies other than the Earth by terrestrial life forms in the course of spaceflight missions

function
intended effect of a product

function tree
hierarchical breakdown of a function into successive levels of function

functional analysis
process that describes completely the functions and their relationships, which are systematically characterised, classified and evaluated

ground segment
part of a space system, located on ground, which monitors and controls space segment element(s)

A ground segment is composed of one or more ground segment elements.

ground segment element
element within a ground segment

1 A ground segment element can be composed of several ground segment elements, e.g. a ground station network is a ground segment element that can be composed of a set of ground stations and a communication network.
2 Examples are given in Annex B.2.
ground segment equipment
equipment within a ground segment

Examples are given in Annex B.2.

ground segment subsystem
subsystem within a ground segment

Examples are given in Annex B.2.

ground segment system
system within a ground segment

Examples are given in Annex B.2.

ground support equipment
non flight product (hardware/software) used on ground to assemble, integrate, test, transport, access, handle, maintain, measure, calibrate, verify, protect or service a flight product (hardware/software)

handbook
<ECSS> non-normative document providing background information, orientation, advice or recommendations related to one specific discipline or to a specific technique, technology, process or activity

hazard
existing or potential condition that can result in a mishap

1 This condition can be associated with the design, manufacturing, operation or environment.
2 Hazards are not events but potential threats to safety.
hazardous event
mishap resulting from a hazard

hot redundancy
redundancy where all entities are powered on with only one operating

human factors
model of observed human physical and psycho-physiological behaviour in relation to environment and product

implementation document
formal response from the supplier to the customer’s Project Requirements Document describing how all requirements will be met

incident
unexpected event that might be, or could lead to, an operational interruption, disruption, loss, emergency, crisis or accident

Incidents are recorded for further assessment.

informative
providing non-normative information intended to assist the understanding or use of requirements

inhibit
<noun> design feature that prevents a function from undesirable execution

An inhibit can be software or hardware.

inspection
conformance evaluation by observation and judgement accompanied as appropriate by measurement, testing or gauging

[ISO 9000:2005]

integration
functionally combining lower-level functional entities (hardware or software) so they operate together to constitute a higher-level functional entity

Assembly is a pre-requisite for integration.

interchangeability
ability of a product to be used in place of another to fulfil the same requirements

interface
boundary where two or more products meet and interact

launch base
composed of launch range and launch complexes

launch campaign
launch activities which include:

Launcher preparation and final integration

Payload processing and integration on the launcher

Launch Operations including Flight Data Gathering

launch complex
integration and facilities necessary to carry out the final integration of the launcher elements as well as the launch operations

A Launch System is associated with its specific Launch Complex, which may include facilities shared with other Launch Systems (e.g.: Lox plant at CSG).

launch operations
all launch related activities taking place after completion of the activities necessary to deliver a fully integrated launcher up to reception of post flight data

launch range
systems, facilities and means, not part of the launch segment, required to provide the necessary service and support for carrying out a launch campaign and to ensure safety and security of persons, assets and protection of the environment

The Launch Range includes in particular the CNES/CSG technical centre, the payload Preparation Facilities as well as the downrange stations for launcher tracking and flight data acquisition.

launch segment
part of a space system which is used to transport space segment element(s) into space

1 A launch segment is composed of one or more launch segment elements.
2 A launch segment is composed of the integrated launcher and the facilities needed for manufacturing, testing and delivering launcher elements.
launch segment element
element within a launch segment
1 A launch segment element can be composed of several launch segment elements, e.g. a launcher is a launch segment element that is composed of several launch segment elements, such as stage, engine and upper part.
2 Examples are given in Annex B.3.
launch segment equipment
equipment within a launch segment

Examples are given in Annex B.3.

launch segment subsystem
subsystem within a launch segment

Examples are given in Annex B.3.

launch segment system
system within a launch segment

Examples are given in Annex B.3

launch service
activities required to conclude a launch service contract and to place a payload in the orbit, at the time, and under the payload environment conditions required by the customer

Launch Service activities cover in particular: Commercialisation, Mission analysis, Procurement of a fully integrated launcher, Procurement of flight programme(s), Procurement of launcher adaptations to meet specific mission requirements, Payload processing and integration on the launcher, Launch Operations including Flight Data Gathering, Launch Range Operations, Post Flight Analysis.

launch system
system comprising the fully integrated launcher, the launch complex and the needed facilities for manufacturing, testing and delivering the launcher elements

"Fully integrated launcher" means the integrated launcher, including payload, and ready to be launched i.e. all launch control lights on green.

launch vehicle
see "launcher"

launcher
vehicle designed to transport payloads to space

The term “launch vehicle” is synonymous.

launcher element
building block of a launcher

[launcher] production facilities
launcher element manufacturing facilities and related launch complex

The launcher element manufacturing facilities include the test facilities specific to the launcher elements’ manufacturing.

launcher stage
complete element of a launcher that delivers the defined thrust during dedicated phase of the launcher mission

1 A launcher stage typically consists of a main propulsion system, a reaction controlled system (sometimes integrated to some extend with the main propulsion system), supporting structure, forward and aft skirts, aerodynamic control and/or stabilized surfaces, a separation system and a destruction system.
2 Some of the upper stages are also equipped with an avionics system.
3 The Ariane 5 upper stage is made of cryogenic main stage (ESC) and vehicle equipment bay (VEB).
launcher system
fully integrated launcher and the needed facilities for manufacturing, testing and delivering the launcher elements

"Fully integrated launcher" means the integrated launcher, including payload, and ready to be launched i.e. all launch control lights on green.

life cycle
all phases in the life of a product from needs identification through disposal

life profile
conditions to which a product is chronologically submitted from its manufacturing to its disposal

lifetime
period, or number of cycles, over which a product is required to perform according to its specification

lot
batch or portion of a batch

maintainability
ease of performing maintenance on a product

Maintainability can be expressed as the probability that a maintenance action on a product can be carried out within a defined time interval, using stated procedures and resources.
maintenance
actions needed to retain a product in, or restore it to, a state in which it can perform its required function

Actions may include tuning, control, inspection, repair, replacement or redesign.

material
raw, semi–finished or finished substance (gaseous, liquid, solid) of given characteristics from which processing into a component or part is undertaken

mission
set of tasks, duties or functions to be accomplished by an element

model
physical or abstract representation used for calculations, predictions or further assessment

Model can also be used to identify particular instances of the product e.g. flight model.

multipaction
resonant back and forth flow of secondary electrons in a vacuum between two surfaces separated by a distance such that the electron transit time is an odd integral multiple of one half the period of the alternating voltage impressed on the surface

The effects of multipaction can be loss of output power up to reaching the multipaction breakdown voltage leading to the generation of spark.

nonconformance
non-fulfilment of a requirement

The term “nonconformity” is synonymous but deprecated.

nonconformity
see “nonconformance”

The term “nonconformity” is deprecated.

normative
providing requirements for activities or their results

1 A “normative document” covers documents such as standards, technical specifications, codes of practice and regulations.
2 A “normative reference" incorporates requirements from a cited publication into a normative document.
offgassing
outgassing under atmospheric or near-atmospheric pressure

Examples are manned and biological missions.

off-the-shelf
procured from the market, even if not developed for space application

orbital debris
see “space debris”

The term “orbital debris” is deprecated.

outage
state of a product being unable to perform its required function

outgassing
gaseous release from a material

Outgassing occurs in vacuum as well as in higher-pressure environments.

part
see "component"

payload
set of space segment elements

1 A spacecraft payload is a set of instruments or equipment which performs the user mission.
2 A launcher payload is a set of space segment elements carried into space in accordance with agreed position, time and environmental conditions.
performance
quantifiable characteristics of a function

planetary protection
policy and the technical implementations to prevent to prevent forward contamination and backward contamination

preventive action
action to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformance or other undesirable potential situation

1 There can be more than one cause for a potential non-conformance.
2 Preventive action is taken to prevent occurrence whereas corrective action is taken to prevent recurrence.
procedure
documented way to carry out an activity or process in a controlled manner

process
set of interrelated or interacting activities which transform inputs into outputs

Inputs to a process are generally outputs of other processes.

product
result of a process

1 There are four generic product categories:
services
software
hardware
processed materials.
2 Adapted from ISO 9000:2005.
product assurance
discipline devoted to the study, planning and implementation of activities intended to assure that the design, controls, methods and techniques in a project result in a satisfactory degree of quality in a product

product tree
hierarchical breakdown of a product into successive levels of product

project
set of coordinated and controlled activities with start and finish dates, undertaken to achieve an objective conforming to specific requirements, including constraints of time, cost and resources

project requirements document
integral part of an ITT, RFP, or RFQ prepared and released by a customer to potential suppliers, addressing technical and programmatic requirements, as well as political, commercial, and industrial constraints

The response to a PRD is an ID.

protoflight model
flight model on which a partial or complete protoflight qualification test campaign is performed before flight

More detailed information on the build standard and the use of this model is given in ECSS-E-HB-10-02.

provision
expression in the content of a normative document, that takes the form of a statement, an instruction, a recommendation or a requirement

These types of provision are distinguished by the form of wording they employ, e.g. instructions are expressed in the imperative mood, recommendations by the use of the auxiliary “should” and requirements by the use of the auxiliary “shall”.

[EN 45020:2006]

qualification
that part of verification which demonstrates that the product meets specified qualification margins

This can apply to personnel, products, manufacturing and assembly processes.

qualification model
model, which fully reflects all aspects of the flight model design, used for complete functional and environmental qualification testing

1 A qualification model is only necessary for newly-designed hardware or when a delta qualification is performed for adaptation to the project.
2 The qualification model is not intended to be used for flight, since it is overtested.
3 More detailed information on the build standard and the use of this model is given in ECSS-E-HB-10-02.
quality
degree to which a set of characteristics of a product or process fulfils requirements

quality assurance
part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled

[ISO 9000:2005]

quality control
part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements

[ISO 9000:2005]

redundancy
existence of more than one means for performing a given function with the intention of increasing reliability

See also definitions for “active redundancy”, “hot redundancy” and “cold redundancy”.

reliability
the ability of an item to perform a required function under given conditions for a given time interval

1 It is generally assumed that the item is in a state to perform this required function at the beginning of the time interval.
2 Generally, reliability performance is quantified using appropriate measures. In some applications these measures include an expression of reliability performance as a probability, which is also called reliability.
relifing
quality control activity for the extension of the expiry datecode of a EEE component which is intended to be used for space application

repair
action to correct a defect of a product that leads to a configuration item change

1 Unlike rework, repair affects or modifies parts of the defective product.
2 An NCR needs to be raised for the CI change.
requirement
documented demand to be complied with

residual risk
risk remaining after implementation of risk reduction measures

[ISO 17666:2003]

review
activity undertaken to determine the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the subject matter to achieve established objectives

1 Review can also include the determination of efficiency.
2 Examples are: management review, design and development review, review of customer requirements and nonconformity review.
[ISO 9000:2005]

rework
action to correct a defect of a product that does not lead to a configuration item change

1 Unlike repair, rework does not affect or modify parts of the defective product.
2 No NCR needs to be raised.
risk
undesirable situation or circumstance that has both a likelihood of occurring and a potential negative consequence on a project
1 Risks are inherent to any project, and can arise at any time during the project life cycle.
2 Predictability and control of events facilitate risk reduction.
3 The terms “risk assessment”, “risk mitigation” and “risk control” are in common use in ECSS.
4 Adapted from ISO 17666:2003.
safety
state where an acceptable level of risk is not exceeded

Risk relates to:

fatality,
injury or occupational illness,
damage to launcher hardware or launch site facilities,
damage to an element of an interfacing manned flight system,
the main functions of a flight system itself,
pollution of the environment, atmosphere or outer space, and
damage to public or private property.
safety critical function
function that, if lost or degraded, or as a result of incorrect or inadvertent operation, can result in catastrophic or critical consequences

safing
action of containment or control of emergency and warning situations, or placing a system (or part thereof), in a predetermined safe condition

scrap
action on a nonconforming product to preclude its originally intended use

1 The scrapped product is not recoverable by rework or repair for technical or economic reasons. As a consequence, it will be recycled or destroyed.
2 A service is scrapped by being discontinued.
security
state where an acceptable level of risk arising from malevolent action is not exceeded

segment
set of elements or combination of systems that fulfils a major, self-contained, subset of the space mission objectives

Examples are space segment, ground segment, launch segment and support segment.

severity
classification of a failure or undesired event according to the magnitude of its possible consequences

single point failure
part of a product that, if it fails, will result in the unrecoverable failure of that product

solar array
assembly of solar panels on a supporting structure with associated hardware

The associated hardware includes mounting features, cables and, in the case of a deployable solar array, a deployment mechanism.

solar cell
photovoltaic component that converts solar radiation to electricity

solar cell assembly
solar cell together with interconnector, coverglass and, if used, by-pass diode

solar panel
interconnected solar cell assemblies mounted on a substrate

space debris
non-functional fragments of, or residue from, a space segment element, or launch segment element, in Earth orbit or re-entering the Earth’s atmosphere

The term “orbital debris” is synonymous, but deprecated.

space mission
user-defined mission to be achieved by a space system

space programme
set of related space projects managed in a coordinated way to contribute to an overall objective

space segment
part of a space system, placed in space, to fulfil the space mission objectives

space segment element
element within a space segment

1 A space segment element can be composed of several space segment elements, e.g. a spacecraft is composed of instruments, a payload module and a service module.
2 Examples are given in Annex B.1.
space segment equipment
equipment within a space segment

Examples are given in Annex B.1.

space segment subsystem
subsystem within a space segment

Examples are given in Annex B.1.

space segment system
system within a space segment

Examples are given in Annex B.1.

space system
system that contains at least a space, a ground or a launch segment

Generally a space system is composed of all three segments and is supported by a support segment.

spacecraft
manned or unmanned vehicle designed to orbit or travel in space

A spacecraft is a space segment element.

special process
process where the quality cannot be completely ensured by inspection of the end article only

specification
document stating requirements

A specification can be related to activities (e.g. procedure document, process specification and test specification), or products (e.g. product specification, performance specification and drawing).

[ISO 9000:2005]

stand-alone space segment element
space segment element that performs its mission autonomously

For example: satellite, rover, lander.

standard
<ECSS> normative document for use in invitations to tender and business agreements for implementing space related activities

1 A standard states verifiable requirements, supported by the minimum descriptive text necessary to understand their context. Each requirement has a unique identification, allowing full traceability and easy verification of compliance.
2 A standard is established by consensus amongst all ECSS stakeholders.
3 Other Standards Development Organisations (SDOs) use a different definition.
statement of work
contractual document that describes and plans deliverables and activities required to complete a project

The statement of work is issued by the customer at the start of a project for implementation by the supplier.

stress-corrosion
combined action of sustained tensile stress and corrosion that can lead to premature failure of materials

structural model
structurally representative model of the flight model used for qualification of the structural design and for correlation with structural mathematical models

1 The system structural model usually consists of a representative structure, with structural dummies of the flight equipment, and also includes representative mechanical parts of other subsystems (e.g. mechanisms and solar panels).
2 The system structural model is also used for final validation of test facilities, GSE, and associated procedures.
3 More detailed information on the build standard and the use of this model is given in ECSS-E-HB-10-02.
structuralthermal model
structurally and thermally representative model of the flight model that combines the objectives of the structural model and the thermal model

More detailed information on the build standard and the use of this model is given in ECSS-E-HB-10-02.

subsystem
part of a system fulfilling one or more of its functions

supplier
organization or person that provides a product as part of a business agreement

A supplier can be internal or external to the customer organization.

support segment
generic infrastructure and services used to support the development and operation of space system elements

1 Examples are ground stations and associated networks, orbit computing facilities, test centres, astronaut centre, launch facilities (e.g. Plestek, Baikonour, Guiana Space Centre).
2 Items can be part of other segments during their development and later become part of the support segment when used (e.g. a tracking network).
support system
see "support segment"

The term "support system" is deprecated.

system
set of interrelated or interacting functions constituted to achieve a specified objective

tailoring
process by which standards are made applicable to a specific project by selection of existing requirements, with or without modification, or addition of new ones

technical memorandum
<ECSS> non-normative document providing useful information to the space community on a specific subject

Technical Memoranda are prepared to record and present data which are not the subject for a standard or for a handbook or not yet mature enough to be published as standard or handbook.

test
measurement of product characteristics, performance or functions under representative environments

thermal ambient test
test conducted at ambient pressure and under predefined temperature conditions to demonstrate the capability of the test item to operate according to requirements

1 Temperature conditions can be expressed as temperature level, gradient and variation.
2 The ambient pressure can be mission dependent.
thermal balance test
test conducted under steady state conditions to correlate and adjust the thermal mathematical model and verify the thermal design

thermal model
thermally representative model of the flight model used for verification of the thermal design and for correlation with thermal mathematical models

1 The system thermal model usually consists of a representative structure, with thermal dummies of the flight equipment, and also includes representative thermal parts of other subsystems.
2 More detailed information on the build standard and the use of this model is given in ECSS-E-HB-10-02.
thermal vacuum test
test conducted in vacuum under predefined temperature conditions to demonstrate the capability of the test item to operate according to requirements

Temperature conditions can be expressed as temperature level, gradient and variation.

third party
person or body that is recognized as being independent of the parties involved, as concerns the issue in question

Parties involved are usually supplier (“first party”) and purchaser (“second party”).

[EN 45020:1998]

toxic
characteristic of a substance causing serious, acute or chronic effects, even death, when inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through the skin

traceability
ability to track the history, location or application by means of documented records

When considering a product, traceability can relate to:

the origin of materials and parts,
the processing history, or
the distribution and location of the product after delivery.
uncertainty
lack of certitude resulting from inaccuracies of input parameters, analysis process, or both

unit
see "equipment"

The term “equipment” is strongly recommended for use in the ECSS system.

upper part [A5]
made of all the payload adaptor's (ACU), SYLDA or Speltra and Fairing [Ariane 5 launcher]

upper stage [A5]
made of cryogenic main stage (ESC) and vehicle equipment bay (VEB), ending at 1780 diameter interface [Ariane 5 launcher]

validation
process which demonstrates that the product is able to accomplish its intended use in the intended operational environment

1 The status of the product following validation is “validated”.
2 Verification is a pre-requisite for validation.
verification
process which demonstrates through the provision of objective evidence that the product is designed and produced according to its specifications and the agreed deviations and waivers, and is free of defects
1 A waiver can arise as an output of the verification process.
2 Verification can be accomplished by one or more of the following methods: analysis (including similarity), test, inspection, review of design.
3 The status of the product following verification is “verified”.
waiver
formal authorization to accept products which during production, or after having been submitted to inspection or tests, are found to depart from specified requirements
1 Deviation is an a priori decision whereas waiver is an a posteriori decision with respect to the production phase.
2 The term “concession” is synonymous and may be used for materials as per Q-ST-70C.
work breakdown structure
hierarchical representation of the activities necessary to complete a project

work package
group of related tasks that are defined down to the lowest level within a work breakdown structure

Abbreviated terms

Abbreviation	Meaning
A/D	analogue-to-digital
ABM	apogee boost motor
AC	alternating current
ADC	analogue-to-digital converter
AIT	assembly, integration and test
AIV	assembly, integration and verification
AOCS	attitude and orbit control subsystem
APS	active pixel sensor
AQL	acceptance quality level
AR	acceptance review
ASIC	application specific integrated circuit
ASTM	American Society for Testing and Materials
ATOX	atomic oxygen
AWG	American wire gauge
BOL	beginning-of-life
CAD	computer aided design
CCB	configuration control board
CCD	charge coupled device
CCSDS	Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
CDR	critical design review
CIDL	configuration item data list
CIL	critical items list
CoG	centre of gravity
CoM	centre of mass
COTS	commercial off-the-shelf
CVCM	collected volatile condensable material
DC	direct current
DDF	design definition file
DDR	detailed design review
DJF	design justification file
DML	declared materials list
DMPL	declared mechanical parts list
DPL	declared processes list
DRB	delivery review board
DRD	document requirements definition
DRL	document requirements list
ECLS	environmental control and life support
ECSS	European Cooperation for Space Standardization
EED	electro-explosive device
EEE	electrical, electronic and electromechanical
EGSE	electrical ground support equipment
EIDP	end item data package
ELR	end-of-life review
EM	engineering model
EMC	electromagnetic compatibility
EMI	electromagnetic interference
EN	European Standard
EOL	end-of-life
ESA	European Space Agency
ESCC	European Space Components Coordination
ESD	electrostatic discharge
FDIR	failure detection isolation and recovery
FM	flight model
FMEA	failure modes and effects analysis
FMECA	failure modes, effects and criticality analysis
FOS	factor of safety
FRR	flight readiness review
FTA	fault tree analysis
GEO	geostationary orbit
GS	ground segment
GSE	ground support equipment
HMI	human-machine interface
HSIA	hardware-software interaction analysis
HW	hardware
ICD	interface control document
ILS	integrated logistic support
IRD	interface requirements document
ISO	International Organization for Standardization
ISS	International Space Station
I/F	interface
I/O	input/output
LEO	low Earth orbit
LEOP	launch and early orbit phase
LRR	launch readiness review
MCR	mission close-out review
MDD	mission description document
MDP	maximum design pressure
MDR	mission definition review
MEOP	maximum expected operating pressure
MGSE	mechanical ground support equipment
MIP	mandatory inspection point
MLI	multi-layer insulation
MMIC	monolithic microwave integrated circuit
MOI	moment of inertia
NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NCR	nonconformance report
NDI	non-destructive inspection
NDT	non-destructive test
NRB	nonconformance review board
N/A	not applicable
OBDH	on-board data handling
ORR	operational readiness review
OTS	off-the-shelf
PA	product assurance
PCB	printed circuit board
PDR	preliminary design review
PFM	protoflight model
PID	process identification document
PMP	parts, materials and processes
PRR	preliminary requirements review
PTR	post test review
QA	quality assurance
QM	qualification model
QR	qualification review
RAMS	reliability, availability, maintainability and safety
RB	requirements baseline
RF	radio frequency
RFA	request for approval
RFD	request for deviation
RFW	request for waiver
RH	relative humidity
RID	review item discrepancy
ROD	review of design
r.m.s.	root-mean-square
SCC	stress-corrosion cracking
SEE	single event effect
SEP	system engineering plan
SRR	system requirements review
STM	structural-thermal model
SVT	system validation test
S/C	spacecraft
SW	software
TC	telecommand
TCS	thermal control subsystem
TM	telemetry
TM/TC	telemetry/telecommand
TML	total mass loss
TRB	test review board
TRL	technology readiness level
TRR	test readiness review
TS	technical specification
TT&C	telemetry, tracking and command
UTC	coordinated universal time
UV	ultraviolet
VCD	verification control document
VP	verification plan
WBS	work breakdown structure

ANNEXTraceability with respect to ECSS-P-001B

The following table shows the differences between ECSS-P-001B and this document.

Deleted terms (terms that appeared in ECSS-P-001B but do not appear in the current document) are listed after this table.

Term	Type of modification (No change, Added, Modified)
2.3.1 acceptance <act>	Modified
2.3.2 acceptance <process>	Added
2.3.3 accident	No change
2.3.4 active redundancy	Added
2.3.5 actuator	Added
2.3.6 alert	Modified
2.3.7 allowable load	No change
2.3.8 analysis	Added
2.3.9 anomaly	No change
2.3.10 applicable document	Modified
2.3.11 approval	Modified
2.3.12 assembly <act>	Added
2.3.13 assurance	No change
2.3.14 audit	Modified
2.3.15 audit criteria	Modified
2.3.16 audit evidence	No change
2.3.17 auditee	No change
2.3.18 auditor	Modified
2.3.19 availability	No change
2.3.20 backward contamination	Added
2.3.21 bakeout	No change
2.3.22 baseline	No change
2.3.23 batch	Added
2.3.24 black box	Modified
2.3.25 business agreement	Modified
2.3.26 calibration	No change
2.3.27 capability	No change
2.3.28 catastrophic	Added
2.3.29 certification	Modified
2.3.30 clean area	Modified
2.3.31 cleanliness	Added
2.3.32 cleanroom	Added
2.3.33 cold redundancy	Added
2.3.34 commissioning	Added
2.3.35 common cause failure	No change
2.3.36 common mode failure	No change
2.3.37 component	Added
2.3.38 composite	Added
2.3.39 configuration	Modified
2.3.40 configuration baseline	No change
2.3.41 configuration control	No change
2.3.42 configuration document	No change
2.3.43 configuration identification	No change
2.3.44 configuration item	No change
2.3.45 configuration management	No change
2.3.46 configuration status accounting	No change
2.3.47 configuration verification	Modified
2.3.48 conformance	Added
2.3.49 conformity	Modified
2.3.50 contaminant	Added
2.3.51 contamination	No change
2.3.52 contract	Modified
2.3.53 corrective action	Modified
2.3.54 COTS	Added
2.3.55 critical <general>	Added
2.3.56 critical <safety>	Added
2.3.57 critical item	Modified
2.3.58 critical path	Modified
2.3.59 customer	Modified
2.3.60 defect	Modified
2.3.61 dependability	Modified
2.3.62 derating	Modified
2.3.63 design <result>	No change
2.3.64 design <activity>	No change
2.3.65 development	Modified
2.3.66 deviation	Added
2.3.67 discipline	Added
2.3.68 discrepancy	Added
2.3.69 disposal	Added
2.3.70 effectiveness	No change
2.3.71 efficiency	No change
2.3.72 element	Added
2.3.73 emergency	Modified
2.3.74 embedded space segment element	Added
2.3.75 end item	Added
2.3.76 engineering model	Added
2.3.77 engineering qualification model	Added
2.3.78 environment	Modified
2.3.79 equipment	Modified
2.3.80 fail-safe	Modified
2.3.81 failure	Modified
2.3.82 failure mode	Modified
2.3.83 failure tolerance	No change
2.3.84 fault	Modified
2.3.85 fault tolerance	No change
2.3.86 firmware	No change
2.3.87 flammability	No change
2.3.88 flight model	Added
2.3.89 flight operations	Modified
2.3.90 flight spare	Added
2.3.91 forward contamination	Added
2.3.92 function	Modified
2.3.93 function tree	Modified
2.3.94 functional analysis	Modified
2.3.95 ground segment	Added
2.3.96 ground segment element	Added
2.3.97 ground segment equipment	Added
2.3.98 ground segment subsystem	Added
2.3.99 ground segment system	Added
2.3.100 ground support equipment	Added
2.3.101 handbook <ECSS>	Added
2.3.102 hazard	Modified
2.3.103 hazardous event	Modified
2.3.104 hot redundancy	Added
2.3.105 human factors	Added
2.3.106 implementation document	Modified
2.3.107 incident	Modified
2.3.108 informative	Added
2.3.109 inhibit	Modified
2.3.110 inspection	Modified
2.3.111 integration	Modified
2.3.112 interchangeability	Added
2.3.113 interface	Modified
2.3.114 launch base	Added
2.3.115 launch campaign	Added
2.3.116 launch complex	Added
2.3.117 launch operations	Added
2.3.118 launch range	Added
2.3.119 launch segment	Added
2.3.120 launch segment element	Added
2.3.121 launch segment equipment	Added
2.3.122 launch segment subsystem	Added
2.3.123 launch segment system	Added
2.3.124 launch service	Added
2.3.125 launch system	Added
2.3.126 launch vehicle	Added
2.3.127 launcher	Modified
2.3.128 launcher element	Added
2.3.129 [launcher] production facilities	Added
2.3.130 launcher stage	Added
2.3.131 launcher system	Added
2.3.132 life cycle	Modified
2.3.133 life profile	Modified
2.3.134 lifetime	Modified
2.3.135 lot	Added
2.3.136 maintainability	Modified
2.3.137 maintenance	Modified
2.3.138 material	Modified
2.3.139 mission	Modified
2.3.140 model	Modified
2.3.141 multipaction	Added
2.3.142 nonconformance	Modified
2.3.143 nonconformity	Modified
2.3.144 normative	Added
2.3.145 offgassing	Added
2.3.146 off-the-shelf	Added
2.3.147 orbital debris	Added
2.3.148 outage	Modified
2.3.149 outgassing	Added
2.3.150 part	Modified
2.3.151 payload	Modified
2.3.152 performance	Modified
2.3.153 planetary protection	Added
2.3.154 preventive action	Modified
2.3.155 procedure	Modified
2.3.156 process	Modified
2.3.157 product	Modified
2.3.158 product assurance	No change
2.3.159 product tree	Modified
2.3.160 project	Modified
2.3.161 project requirements document	Modified
2.3.162 protoflight model	Added
2.3.163 provision	No change
2.3.164 qualification	Added
2.3.165 qualification model	Added
2.3.166 quality	Modified
2.3.167 quality assurance	No change
2.3.168 quality control	No change
2.3.169 redundancy	Modified
2.3.170 reliability	No change
2.3.171 relifing	Added
2.3.172 repair	Modified
2.3.173 requirement	Modified
2.3.174 residual risk	No change
2.3.175 review	Modified
2.3.176 rework	Modified
2.3.177 risk	Modified
2.3.178 safety	Modified
2.3.179 safety critical function	No change
2.3.180 safing	No change
2.3.181 scrap	Modified
2.3.182 security	Modified
2.3.183 segment	Added
2.3.184 severity	No change
2.3.185 single point failure	Modified
2.3.186 solar array	Added
2.3.187 solar cell	Added
2.3.188 solar cell assembly	Added
2.3.189 solar panel	Added
2.3.190 space debris	Modified
2.3.191 space mission	Added
2.3.192 space programme	Added
2.3.193 space segment	Added
2.3.194 space segment element	Added
2.3.195 space segment equipment	Added
2.3.196 space segment subsystem	Added
2.3.197 space segment system	Added
2.3.198 space system	Modified
2.3.199 spacecraft	Modified
2.3.200 special process	Added
2.3.201 specification	No change
2.3.202 stand-alone space segment element	Added
2.3.203 standard <ECSS>	Modified
2.3.204 statement of work	Modified
2.3.205 stress-corrosion	No change
2.3.206 structural model	Added
2.3.207 structuralthermal model	Added
2.3.208 subsystem	Modified
2.3.209 supplier	Modified
2.3.210 support segment	Added
2.3.211 support system	Modified
2.3.212 system	Modified
2.3.213 tailoring	Modified
2.3.214 technical memorandum <ECSS>	Added
2.3.215 test	Modified
2.3.216 thermal ambient test	Added
2.3.217 thermal balance test	Added
2.3.218 thermal model	Added
2.3.219 thermal vacuum test	Added
2.3.220 third party	Modified
2.3.221 toxic	No change
2.3.222 traceability	Modified
2.3.223 uncertainty	No change
2.3.224 unit	Modified
2.3.225 upper part [A5]	Added
2.3.226 upper stage [A5]	Added
2.3.227 validation	Modified
2.3.228 verification	Modified
2.3.229 waiver	Added
2.3.230 work breakdown structure	No change
2.3.231 work package	Modified

Terms deleted with respect to the previous issue of the glossary (ECSS-P-001B):

acceptance stage

acceptance test

allowable stress

assembly <noun>

audit client

audit conclusion

audit findings

audit programme

audit team

caution condition

characteristic

common mode fault

competence

concession

constraint

contingency procedure

continual improvement

contractor

correction

corrosion

cost breakdown structure

customer satisfaction

design and development

design to minimum risk

deviation permit

document

EEE component

error

estimate at completion

estimate to completion

fault <event>

flashpoint

grade

ground operations

ground systems

human error

information

infrastructure

instantaneous availability

integrity

item

life cycle cost

management

management system

matériel

mean time between failures

measurement control system

measurement process

measuring equipment

mechanical part

metrological characteristic

metrological confirmation

metrological function

need

normative document

normative reference

objective evidence

organization

organizational structure

product state

programme

project phase

purchaser

qualification process

quality characteristic

quality improvement

quality manual

quality plan

quality planning

record

recurrent cost

regrade

required function

risk management

risk management policy

series production

software module

software product

software product assurance

space element

space project

subcontract

supported system

technical expert

technical specification

top management

undesirable event

warning condition

work environment

ANNEXSegment trees

This annex includes example for the terms defined in paragraph 2.1 and Figure 21: Space system breakdown:

Space segment

Ground segment

Launch segment

Support segment

Space segment

Ground segment

Launch segment

Support segment

Systems		Elements
	Examples
Data Relay Satellite System		Data Relay Satellite
Navigation Satellite System		ISS
Concurrent Design Facility (CDF)		Astronaut training centre
Generic Flight Dynamics system (e.g. ORATOS)		Ground Statin Network Control Centre
		Main Control room
LEOP Ground Station Network		Briefing Room
Deep Space Ground Station Network		Test Centre
		MGSE
		TGSE
		FGSE
		Launch complex

ANNEXLaunch segment-specific terms

The following terms are specific to the launcher domain and are cross-referenced from clause 2.3.

composite

building block of a launcher composed of one or several pre-integrated stages and structural parts (fairing, payload adaptor, dual launch structure, etc.)

1 Example-1: A5 Upper Composite includes the cryogenic upper stage (ESC), the vehicle equipment bay (VEB), fairing and payload adaptor.
2 Example-2: A5 Lower Composite includes two solid booster stages (EAP) and the main cryogenic stage (EPC).
launch base

composed of launch range and launch complexes

launch campaign

launch activities which include:

Launcher preparation and final integration

Payload processing and integration on the launcher

Launch Operations including Flight Data Gathering

launch complex

integration and facilities necessary to carry out the final integration of the launcher elements as well as the launch operations

A Launch System is associated with its specific Launch Complex, which may include facilities shared with other Launch Systems (e.g.: Lox plant at CSG).

launch operations

all launch related activities taking place after completion of the activities necessary to deliver a fully integrated launcher up to reception of post flight data

launch range

systems, facilities and means, not part of the launch segment, required to provide the necessary service and support for carrying out a launch campaign and to ensure safety and security of persons, assets and protection of the environment

The Launch Range includes in particular the CNES/CSG technical centre, the payload Preparation Facilities as well as the downrange stations for launcher tracking and flight data acquisition.

launch service

activities required to conclude a launch service contract and to place a payload in the orbit, at the time, and under the payload environment conditions required by the customer

launch system

system comprising the fully integrated launcher, the launch complex and the needed facilities for manufacturing, testing and delivering the launcher elements

"Fully integrated launcher" means the integrated launcher, including payload, and ready to be launched i.e. all launch control lights on green.

launch vehicle

see "launcher"

launcher

vehicle designed to transport payloads to space

The term “launch vehicle” is synonymous.

launcher element

building block of a launcher

[launcher] production facilities

launcher element manufacturing facilities and related launch complex

The launcher element manufacturing facilities include the test facilities specific to the launcher elements’ manufacturing.

launcher stage

complete element of a launcher that delivers the defined thrust during dedicated phase of the launcher mission

1 A launcher stage typically consists of a main propulsion system, a reaction controlled system (sometimes integrated to some extend with the main propulsion system), supporting structure, forward and aft skirts, aerodynamic control and/or stabilized surfaces, a separation system and a destruction system.
2 Some of the upper stages are also equipped with an avionics system.
3 The Ariane 5 upper stage is made of cryogenic main stage (ESC) and vehicle equipment bay (VEB).
launcher system

fully integrated launcher and the needed facilities for manufacturing, testing and delivering the launcher elements

"Fully integrated launcher" means the integrated launcher, including payload, and ready to be launched i.e. all launch control lights on green.

upper part [A5]

made of all the payload adaptor's (ACU), SYLDA or Speltra and Fairing [Ariane 5 launcher]

upper stage [A5]

made of cryogenic main stage (ESC) and vehicle equipment bay (VEB), ending at 1780 diameter interface [Ariane 5 launcher]

Bibliography

ECSS-S-ST-00	ECSS system – Description, implementation and general requirement.
EN 45020:2006	Standardization and related activities – General vocabulary corrected (ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004)
ISO 9000:2005	Quality management systems - Fundamentals and vocabulary
ISO 10007:2003	Quality management systems - Guidelines for configuration management
ISO 10795:2011	Space systems - Programme management - Vocabulary
ISO 14623:2003	Space systems – Pressure vessels and pressurized structures - Design and operation
ISO 17666:2003	Space systems - Risk management
ISO 24113:2011	Space systems - Space debris mitigation requirements
ISO/IEC 9126-1:2001	Software Engineering – Product Quality – Part 1: Quality Model First Edition
IEC Multilingual Dictionary – 2001 edition