Space engineering
Adoption Notice of ISO 16290, Space systems - Definition of the Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) and their criteria of assessment
Foreword
This Adoption Notice is one document of the series of ECSS Standards intended to be applied together for the management, engineering and product assurance in space projects and applications. ECSS is a cooperative effort of the European Space Agency, national space agencies and European industry associations for the purpose of developing and maintaining common standards. Requirements in this Standard are defined in terms of what shall be accomplished, rather than in terms of how to organize and perform the necessary work. This allows existing organizational structures and methods to be applied where they are effective, and for the structures and methods to evolve as necessary without rewriting the standards.
This Adoption Notice has been prepared by the ECSS TRL Task Force, reviewed by the ECSS Executive Secretariat and approved by the ECSS Technical Authority.
Disclaimer
ECSS does not provide any warranty whatsoever, whether expressed, implied, or statutory, including, but not limited to, any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or any warranty that the contents of the item are error-free. In no respect shall ECSS incur any liability for any damages, including, but not limited to, direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages arising out of, resulting from, or in any way connected to the use of this document, whether or not based upon warranty, business agreement, tort, or otherwise; whether or not injury was sustained by persons or property or otherwise; and whether or not loss was sustained from, or arose out of, the results of, the item, or any services that may be provided by ECSS.
Published by: ESA Requirements and Standards Division ESTEC, P.O. Box 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk The NetherlandsCopyright: 2014© by the European Space Agency for the members of ECSS## Change log
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ECSS-E-AS-11C
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First issue
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Scope
This document identifies the clauses and requirements modified with respect to the standard ISO 16290, Space systems - Definition of the Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) and their criteria of assessment, First edition 2013-11-01 for application in ECSS.
Context information
The standard ISO 16290, Space systems — Definition of the Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) and their criteria of assessment, has been developed by ISO TC20/SC14. The TRL description and the achievements that are requested for enabling the TRL assessment at each level have been thoroughly discussed at international level, agreed by the ISO members and published as standard ISO 16290.
Aiming at the development of world wide implementation standards dealing with TRL, ECSS has proactively contributed to the preparation of ISO 16290.
With this Adoption Notice ECSS is adopting and applying ISO 16290 with a minimum set of modifications, identified in the present document, to allow for reference and for a consistent integration in ECSS system of standards.
The Table taken from ISO 16290:2013, is reproduced with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization, ISO. This standard can be obtained from any ISO member and from the Web site of the ISO Central Secretariat at the following address: www.iso.org. Copyright remains with ISO.
Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
Terms defined in other standards
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions from ISO 16290 (First edition 2013-11-01) apply, in particular for the following terms:
element
breadboard
laboratory environment
mature technology
relevant environment
reproducible process
validation
For the purpose of this document the terms from ECSS-S-ST-00-01C, except the terms listed in 3.1a. apply, in particular for the following term:
technology readiness level
For the purpose of this document the following terms from ECSS-M-ST-10 apply:
acceptance review
qualification review
commissioning result review
Terms specific to the present standard
None.
Abbreviated terms and symbols
The abbreviated terms from ECSS-S-ST-00-01 and the following apply.
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Abbreviation
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Meaning
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AR
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acceptance review
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CRR
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commissioning result review
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QR
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qualification review
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TRL
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technology readiness level
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Nomenclature
The following nomenclature apply throughout this document:
The word “shall” is used in this standard to express requirements. All the requirements are expressed with the word “shall”.
The word “should” is used in this standard to express recommendations. All the recommendations are expressed with the word “should”.
It is expected that, during tailoring, all the recommendations in this document are either converted into requirements or tailored out.
The words “may” and “need not” are used in this standard to express positive and negative permissions respectively. All the positive permissions are expressed with the word “may”. All the negative permissions are expressed with the words “need not”.
The word “can” is used in this standard to express capabilities or possibilities, and therefore, if not accompanied by one of the previous words, it implies descriptive text.
In ECSS “may” and “can” have a complete different meaning: “may” is normative (permission) and “can” is descriptive.
The present and past tense are used in this standard to express statement of fact, and therefore they imply descriptive text.
Application
ISO 16290, Space systems - Definition of the Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) and their criteria of assessment, first edition 2013-11-01 shall apply in ECSS system apply as written (Section 1 through Section 4) with the following additions and modifications listed in Table 41.
Table 42 is a reproduction of Table 1 of ISO 16290:2013 ”TRL summary: Milestones and work achievement”.
Table 41: Applicability table for ISO 16290
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Clause or requirement number
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Applicability
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Applicable text
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Comments
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Text as in the original document
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5
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added
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Requirements
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Title
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5.1
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added
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General
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Title
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5.1a
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added
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To assess the readiness of an element the TRLs specified in ISO 16290:2013 shall be applied.
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requirement
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5.2
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added
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TRLs requirements
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Title
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5.2a
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added |
A TRL shall not be called TRL1 unless the conditions specified in 3.2.1 of ISO 16290:2013 and Table 42 first row are met
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requirement
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5.2b
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added |
A TRL shall not be called TRL2 unless the conditions specified in 3.3.1 of ISO 16290:2013 and Table 42 second row are met.
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requirement |
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5.2c
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added |
A TRL shall not be called TRL3 unless the conditions specified in 3.4.1 of 16290:2013 and Table 42 third row are met.
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requirement |
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5.2d
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added |
A TRL shall not be called TRL4 unless the conditions specified in 3.5.1 of ISO 16290:2013 and Table 42 fourth row are met
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requirement |
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5.2e
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added |
A TRL shall not be called TRL5 unless the conditions specified in 3.6.1 of ISO 16290:2013 and Table 42 fifth row are met.
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requirement |
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5.2f
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added |
A TRL shall not be called TRL6 unless the conditions specified in 3.7.1 of ISO 16290:2013 and Table 42 sixth row are met.
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requirement |
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5.2g
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added |
A TRL shall not be called TRL7 unless:
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requirement |
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5.2h
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added |
A TRL shall not be called TRL8 unless:
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requirement |
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5.2i
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added |
A TRL shall not be called TRL9 unless: 1. the conditions specified in 3.10.1 of ISO 16290:2013 and Table 42 ninth row are met,
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requirement |
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Table 42: TRL summary: Milestones and work achievement (reproduced from ISO 16290:2013)
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Technology Readiness Level
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Milestone achieved for the element
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Work achievement (documented)
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TRL 1 - Basic principles observed and reported
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Potential applications are identified following basic observations but element concept not yet formulated.
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Expression of the basic principles intended for use.
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TRL 2 - Technology concept and/or application formulated
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Formulation of potential applications and preliminary element concept. No proof of concept yet.
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Formulation of potential applications.
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TRL 3 - Analytical and experimental critical function and/or characteristic proof-of-concept
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Element concept is elaborated and expected performance is demonstrated through analytical models supported by experimental data/characteristics.
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Preliminary performance requirements (can target several missions) including definition of functional performance requirements.
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TRL 4 - Component and/or breadboard functional verification in laboratory environment
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Element functional performance is demonstrated by breadboard testing in laboratory environment.
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Preliminary performance requirements (can target several missions) with definition of functional performance requirements.
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TRL 5 - Component and/or breadboard critical function verification in a relevant environment
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Critical functions of the element are identified and the associated relevant environment is defined. Breadboards not full-scale are built for verifying the performance through testing in the relevant environment, subject to scaling effects.
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Preliminary definition of performance requirements and of the relevant environment.
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TRL 6: Model demonstrating the critical functions of the element in a relevant environment
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Critical functions of the element are verified, performance is demonstrated in the relevant environment and representative model(s) in form, fit and function.
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Definition of performance requirements and of the relevant environment.
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TRL 7: Model demonstrating the element performance for the operational environment
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Performance is demonstrated for the operational environment, on the ground or if necessary in space. A representative model, fully reflecting all aspects of the flight model design, is build and tested with adequate margins for demonstrating the performance in the operational environment.
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Definition of performance requirements, including definition of the operational environment.
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TRL 8: Actual system completed and accepted for flight (“flight qualified”)
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Flight model is qualified and integrated in the final system ready for flight.
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Flight model is built and integrated into the final system.
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TRL 9: Actual system “flight proven” through successful mission operations
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Technology is mature. The element is successfully in service for the assigned mission in the actual operational environment.
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Commissioning in early operation phase.
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The Table (Table 42) taken from ISO 16290:2013, is reproduced with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization, ISO. This standard can be obtained from any ISO member and from the Web site of the ISO Central Secretariat at the following address: www.iso.org.
Copyright remains with ISO. Copyright remains with ISO. The standard can be obtained from ISO or its members, see www.iso.org.